In talking about and showing disruption through photographs the participants' ongoing problem solving was universal across their diverse experiences. Photovoice and semi-structured interviews showed that ESKD and the use of haemodialysis was widely agreed to be biographically disruptive. The paper is based on the experiences of 35 adults with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) in receipt of haemodialysis. Here we propose the term 'biographical dialectics' as a sister term to 'biographical disruption' to capture the ongoing problem solving that characterises the lives of many people living with life limiting chronic illnesses. There is certainly a great deal of difference between Hegel and Marx but dialectics is the method, the thread, which runs through both. Marx made reference to Hegel as 'that mighty thinker' in the preface to his Magnus opus while Lenin was later to comment that it is impossible to understand Das Capital without 'having thoroughly studied and understood the whole of Hegel's logic'. Dialectics is the method of Marxism but it is the contention of the author that dialectical materialism (Marxism) cannot be appreciated without reference to Hegel, who was the first thinker to consciously apprehend the movement and interconnection of both thought and being - as totality. Subsequently Kant is fiercely critiqued, by Fichte and Schelling among others, and the Hegelian philosophy emerges, to some extent, as the critique of this critique. The author of this article concentrates on the modern epoch in particular, whereby the rationalism of Descartes and the empiricism of Hume are opposed by Kant. Hegel brought the method of dialectics to fruition through an analysis of the history of philosophy beginning with the ancient Greeks and 'Oriental' thought, before traversing the various stages which would eventually culminate in the philosophy of Hegel himself. This article is an attempt to trace the development of modern dialectics.
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